44/2023: Raft Project Acid and Base

 Understanding Acid and Base:

A solution with a pH lower than 7 is referred to as acid if it contains more hydronium ions than pure water.

A solution that contains bases (alkaline) has a pH greater than 7 and contains fewer hydronium ions than pure water.

Acid and Base in our body

• Lungs:

To maintain a healthy blood pH, the body exhales carbon dioxide from the lungs. Since all cells require oxygen and nutrients, which are processed into carbon dioxide, an acidic waste product, cells are continually producing it. After then, it exits the cells and enters the blood. as soon as the blood flows. Carbon dioxide is carried by the blood to the lungs, where it is expelled. The blood's pH decreases and its acidity increases as carbon dioxide concentrations increase.

• Enzymes:

Biochemical processes can only take place when enzymes, which are biological catalysts, function properly. Living organisms include several acids and bases that give the pH that enzymes require. The bulk of enzymes are acid-dependent and only work at a certain amount of acidity. To maintain the right pH for enzymes to perform properly during digestion, cells hide acid and base.

Digestive and Enzymes pepsin:

Pepsin is an enzyme that aids in the breakdown of proteins during the digestive process. The pH range of the stomach, which is typically between 1.5 and 2, is where pepsin is most active. Pepsin, like enzymes, functions best in an acidic environment. Pepsin can function because of the powerful hydrochloric acid that is hidden in the stomach.

Pancrease:

The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that help break down proteins and lipids. Acidity and other digestive problems can lead to pancreatic inflammation. Tea and coffee use can cause pancreatic irritation and raise the acidity. The pancreas is unable to produce the digestive enzymes required to break down fats and proteins as a result.

Sweat:

Is our sweat base acidic? Sweat normally has a mean pH of 6.3, making it a clear biofluid with low tonicity and more acidic than blood. It indicates that it has a mild acidity. How does pH change while we perspire? Our skin, for the most part, has a pH of 5.5. However, a dehydrated body will have a greater salt concentration in sweat, which is indicated by a higher pH level.

Fun fact: sweat smells like vinegar

Ketones are created as the body burns fat, making the blood more acidic as a result. Acetone is one metabolite that is released into perspiration, which has a vinegar-like odor. Metabolites are waste products produced when the body breaks down food, medications, chemicals, or its tissue.

Dangerous protocol! :

Strong Bases:

A base is considered to be "strong" when the pH is higher than 10. Strong bases include calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide. Chemical burns from bases often result in more serious damage even if they don't pain as bad as burns from acids. It is also possible for bases to react strongly with water. A number of these reactions are exothermic, which means they emit heat. These reactions can cause significant damage to the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

Strong Acids:

If an acid has a pH below 4, it would be considered "strong" and prone to cause chemical burns. Nitric, hydrochloric, sulfuric, and phosphoric acids are examples of typical strong acids. Acids react violently with water, which makes them hazardous when there is moisture in the mouth, eyes, or adjacent aqueous solutions. Because certain acids are soluble in water, their vapors can cause damage to the lungs, throat, nasal passages, and eyes.

3D design below here:

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